Method of combustion.



No. 818,221. 1 PATENTBD APR. 17, 1906. o. BBNDBR.

METHOD OP GOMBUSTION. AlrLIoATIoN FILED'JAN. a1, 1905;

ITED STATES PAnNr rrion.

METHOD OF. COIVIBUSTION..

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented April 17, 1906.

Application filed January 3l, 1905. Serial No. 243,527.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, OSCAR BENDER, residing at 6l Neue Krugallee, Treptow, near Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, Germany, have invented a new and useful Method of Combustion, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a method of consuming the smoke in furnaces by the introduction of liquid combustibles.

It is well known that in ordinary furnaces a considerable waste of carbon, &c., is unavoidable, because on the one hand the carbonic acid produced is not reduced by reason of the partly too thin layer of burning and glowing coals and on the other hand the waste gases, &c., produced during the coking of the fresh charge of combustibles cannot be consumed for want of oxygen and also for the exceedingly low quality of these waste gases, which are incapable to burn under usual circumstances. carbon is explained. .The reason of this defect resides in the fact that a part of the products of` the combustion does not attain its temperature of ignition. Attempts have been made to procure a special heating of the products of the combustion in order to bring them in this manner up to their temperature of ignition. VIn certain cases thereby a comparatively complete consumption of the combustible may be obtained, but only at the expense of the heat so produced, sincethe increase of the temperature up to that of the ignition is followed in a certain degree by a reduction of the temperature of the combustion. Now it is frequent that aft-er charging the furnace with fresh combustibles or in furnaces with forced draft the OO2 first produced is again reduced to carbonic oxid. This gas is difiicult of being again burned byreason of its high temperature of ignition. The purpose of this new method is to reduce the temperature of ignition by the introduction of a liquid oombustible into that portion of the solid combustible which is poorest in oxygen (in the space of reduction) and in such a manner that on its path to the said portion the liquid combustible does not come into contact with air. The gases produced from the liquid combustible will then enrich the products of the combustion in the portion poorest in oxygen and form therewith a mixture the temperature of ignition of which is essentially lower than that of the products of the combustion proper. Thereby it is rendered possible to obtain a complete consumption of the prod- Thus the considerable waste of' ucts of combustion in that mixture with a suflicient supply of air. The essential advantage of this described new method lies in the increase of the temperature of combustion. The mixture formed of the low-quality products of combustion with the highquality burning gases will burn at a temperature which is considerably higher than that hitherto attained in ordinary furnaces.

The invention may be carried out in any convenient manner. The gasified liquid combustible may be conducted to the portion of yreduction in the combustibles-for example,

in the manner that pipings' are'disposedwhich terminate in the portion of reduction and serve for conducting the liquid combustible, or a specially-constructed fire-grate may be employed, such as is the case with the furnace illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through the furnace disposed in a Cornish or Lancashire steam-boiler. Fig. 2 is a plan of the piping for conducting the liquid combustible. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section, on an enlarged scale, through a fire-bar. Eig. 4 shows, on the same enlarged scale, the crosssection through three neighboring fire-bars.

Each fire-bar consists of a bottom part l and a detachable top part 2. Two separate channels 3 and 4 are disposed in each fire-bar. Channels 5, disposed in the joint, lead from the main channel 3 to without, and other vertically-disposed channels 6 lead from the other main channel 4 upward to Without. In order to obtain a suflicient length of the vertical channels 6, the top part 2 of each fire-bar is formed with an upwardly-tapering proj ection 7. These projections 7 of the fire-bars are made high, so as to bring the mouths of. the channels 6 into the portion of reduction in the burning layer. The main channels 3 and 4 in each fire bar communicate with chambers 8 and 9, respectively, in a shoe 10. The upper chamber 9 of this shoe is connected with a piping 1l, which is for the most part disposed above the iire-grate within the iiue and made in the shown shape of a coil, the external end of which carries a charging-funnel 12. This piping 1l serves for conducting liquid combustible to the chambers 9 and the adjoining channels 4 of the several fire-bars.

It will be seen that the liquid combustible during its passage through the piping 11 to the {ire-bars is strongly heated, so that it is gasified and leaves the mouths of the chan- ICO IlO

temperature of ignition of which is consider-y ably lower than that of the products of combustion alone. Of course the liquid combustible is conducted to the ire only in case the production of such gases takes place which hitherto were allowed to escape unburnedthat is to say, the liquid combustible need be admitted only in periods at the time when the furnace is charged with fresh solid combustibles.

In order to render the working of the furnace economical, it is preferable to admit from below to the burning layer hydrogen,

, so as to bring upward as much as possible the heated portion of the burning layer. For this purpose in the furnaceillustrated the lower chamber 8 of the shoe l0 is connected amaai with the steam-space 14 of the boiler by means of a pipe 13, whereby the said steamspace is put into communication with the channels 3 of the several ire bars. The steam is conducted through the channels 3 and 5 and admitted from below to the portion of reduction. The admission of the steam should be so effected as to prevent it from meeting the gasified liquid combustible.

Having now particularly described my in- Vention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The method of combustion of solid fuel which consists in intermingling steam and air, introducing the same into a bed of solid fuel in a state of combustion, vaporizing a hydrocarbon with the exclusion of air, and iinally intermingling all of the gases within said bed of fuel.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

p OSCAR BENDER.

Witnesses:

Jon. SCHULZ, WILLIAM KUEPPERS. 

